HEX uses hexadecimal notation (#FF0000), RGB uses decimal values (255,0,0), and HSL uses hue/saturation/lightness (0°,100%,50%). All represent the same red color.
Use HEX for CSS and web design (most common), RGB for graphics software, and HSL when you need to adjust brightness or saturation programmatically.
Use the color wheel theory: complementary colors (opposite), analogous colors (adjacent), or triadic colors (120° apart) create pleasing combinations.
Ensure sufficient contrast between text and background colors. WCAG guidelines recommend at least 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text and 3:1 for large text.